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HYMENOPTERA, Tanaostigmatidae (Chalcidoidea) -- <Images> & <Juveniles> Tanaostigmatidae. -- This is a small family of parasitic wasps, most of
which are phytophagous tropical and subtropical insects that form galls in
plant stems, leaves, or seeds. There are only ca. 95 species in 10 genera, and They are typically
short, squat wasps, best recognized by a protruding prepectus, and the
mesonotum is often strongly arched, so the pronotum is nearly vertical. Most of these phytophagous insects are associated with galls, and probably are
the gall-formers. There are many records of species reared from galls,
however little detailed biologies are studied, but exceptions to gall-forming
species are known. Sole seed infestation without gall formation has been
reported from India (Lateef, 1977; Lateef, et al. 1985); and inquinilism in
cecidomyiid galls is known from Brazil and Japan (LaSalle, 1987). Cynipencyrtus
flavus Ishii of Japan is the only known parasitic species known. It
attacks gall-forming cynipids (Tachikawa, 1973, 1978). Preferred host
plants for members of this family are woody trees and shrubs in the pea
family Fabaceae, although species have been reared from galls on Triplaris
(Polygonaceae), Scutia and Condalia (Rhamnaceae) and Psidium
(Myrtaceae), and recorded as collected on several other families. The galls are of many types, and
may be found on stems, leaves, seeds of flowers (usually in deformed
ovaries). Four
species occur in the Southwestern United States and Florida. The larvae are primarily gall makers. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = References: Please refer to <biology.ref.htm>, [Additional references
may be found at: MELVYL
Library] LaSalle, J. 1987. New World Tanaostigmatidae (Hymenoptera,
Chalcidoidea). Contribution of the American Entomological Institute 23(1):1-181. Lateef, S.S. 1977. A new hymenopteran pest, Tanaostigmodes
sp. (Hymenoptera: Tanaostigmodae) recorded on pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan
Millsp.) at ICRISAT, Hyderabad, India. Tropical Grain Legume Bulletin
No 7:6-7. Lateef,
S.S., Reed, W. & LaSalle, J. 1985. Tanaostigmodes cajaninae LaSalle sp.n. (Hymenoptera:
Tanaostigmatidae), a potential pest of the pigeon pea in India. Bulletin of
Entomological Research 75(2): 305-313. Prinsloo, G. L. 1980.
An illustrated guide to the families of African Chalcidoidea (Insecta:
Hymenoptera). Rep. So. Africa, Dept.
Agr. & Fisheries Sci. Bull. 395.
66 p. Subba-Rao, B. R. 1988.
Family Tanaostigmatidae. In: B. R. Subba-Rao, & M. Hayat (eds.), Oriental Insects, Vol.
19. Association For The Study of
Oriental. Insects, Gainesville, FL. 329
p. Tachikawa, T. 1973. Discovery of the hosts of Cynipencyrtus
bicolor Ishii and Microterys tarumiensis Tachikawa
(Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea - Encyrtidae). Transactions of the Shikoku
Entomological Society 11(4): 133-134. Tachikawa,
T. 1978. A
note on the genus Cynipencyrtus Ishii (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea -
Encyrtidae). Transactions of Shikoku Entomological Society 14(1/2):69-71. Yoshimoto, C. M.
1984. The Insects and
Arachnids of Canada. Part 12. The
Families and Subfamilies of Canadian Chalcidoid Wasps, Hymenoptera:
Chalcidoidea. Biosystematics Res.
Inst., Ottawa, Ontario, Res. Br. Agr. Canada
Publ. 1760. 149 p. |